Recto:

l.l. in image: Ponca.1.

Mount Verso:

u.c. printed on paper label: 517-518 [518 crossed out] ASH-NOM-E-KAH-GA-HE. Lone Chief. \ TA-TONKA-NUZHE. Standing Buffalo. \ WA-GA-SA-PI. Iron Whip. \ WASTE-CO-MANI. Fast Walker.

u.c. to u.r. in graphite: 974. Neg. No. 4232

u.c. to l.c. printed on paper label: (517) at left: (a) \ E-nan ni-ka-ga-hi, \ He alone (is) Chief \ "Lone Chief", or Antoine Primeau, the principal \ Chief of the half-breed (mixed blood) "band" of \ the Ponka tribe. A friend to the cause of civili- \zation. Died after the forcible removalofthe tribe \ to the Indian Territory, was buried there in the \ Quapaw Nation. (The siteof his grave is 4 1/2 miles \ from Baxter Springs Kansas). The remains has been\ removed piecemeal by so-called civilized American \ citizens. Next to (a) stands (b) \ Ta-tan-ga na-zhin, Big buffalo Standing or as he prefers to be called \ Buffalo bull standing, \ He is known, too, by his Pawnee name, A-sha-wa-ge, Spotted horse, a Chief of oneof the two sub-gentes \ of the Wa-zha-zhe (Osage or Reptile) gens. In 1871 \ he was oneof the two head Chiefs of the tribe, the \ other being White Eagle or Khi-dha ska (no. 1081) In \ the Wazhazhe gens, Standing Buffalo's rival was his \ fellow Chief Man-chu na-zhin, Standing Grizzly bear \ (no. 1083), Standing Buffalo's principal wife in 1871 \ was Virginie Primeau, niece of Lone Chief. \ (c) \ We-ga-sa-pi, Whip Chief of the Dhi-ghi-ga gens and \ father of Khi-dha' ska (no. 4) \ (d) \ Wa-shkan man-dhin, He walks with an effort or with \ all his might (commonly translated Hard Walker). \ were the two head Chiefs of the tribe prior to 1870. \ They were the predecessors of White Eagle and \ Standing Bufalo. \ Wackan man-dhin was Chief of the Hi-sa-da (a thunder \ bird) gens.

Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas

Public domain